Chapter and verse numbering follows the Latin Vulgate. Romans 12:1-5 was the Epistle reading for this Sunday in St Thomas’ day; in the 1962 Missal the reading is Colosians 3:12-17. This post is included in my Resources for Sunday Mass.
The Elements Of Human Perfection
From The Epistle (Rom 12:1-5)
And be not conformed to this world: but be transformed in the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is the good and the acceptable and the perfect will of God.
The Apostle in these words exhorts us to three things, in which consists the entire perfection of man. Firstly, that the form of this world be relinquished-“Be not conformed to this world.” Secondly, that the form of the new life be assumed-“but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind.” Thirdly, that the will of God may be known-“that ye may prove what is the good, and the acceptable, and the perfect, will of God.”
I. On the first head it is to be noted, that the form, or manner of existence of this world is threefold. (1) In the lust of concupiscence. (2) In the desire of earthly goods. (3) in the pride of life. Of these three see 1 Jn 2:16: The lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world.” It is to be remembered that this threefold form has likewise a threefold manifestation-the “lust of the flesh” has a sensual form; the “lust of the eyes,” an earthly form; the “pride of life,” a devilish form. Lust makes a man sensual; avarice makes him earthly; pride makes him like the devil. Of these three, St James 3:15 states: ‘This wisdom descendeth, not from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish.” By the first, we are “conformed to this world” through gluttony and reveling; by the second, through avarice; by the third, through pride; so that they themselves will perish with the perishing world. As St Gregory the Great says, “He who leans upon that which is failing must of necessity come to ruin when it perishes.” 1 Jn 2:15, 17, tells us “love not the world.” Why not? “The world passesth away and the lust thereof.”
II. On the second head it is to be noted that the form of the new life is also threefold. It consists (1) in holiness of will; (2) in truth of speech; (3) in justness of deed. The first informs the heart; the second, the mouth; the third, the hands. Concerning the first (holiness of will), Eph 6:6-7 states: “Doing the will of God from the heart, with good will.” Concerning the second (truth in speech), Eph 4:25 states: “Putting away lying, speak every man the truth with his neighbor.” Concerning the third (justness of deed), Gal 4:10 tells us: “As we have therefore opportunity, let us do good unto all men.” And concerning all three of these things Eph 5:9 tells us “For the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness, and righteousness (i.e., justness), and truth”-in “goodness” of heart, in “righteousness” of deed, in “truth” of speech. The form of goodness makes us angelical, since by goodness man became like unto the angels. The form of righteousness makes us celestial; by righteousness we are likened unto the saints in heaven. The form of truth makes us divine; by truth we are made like unto God. Of these three Rom 12: 1 exhorts us to “Present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God.” Living by faith according to Heb 10:38-“The just shall live by faith.” “Holy,” which is cleansed. “Acceptable to God,” through the truth, for God is truth.
III. On the third head it is to be noted that the “will of God” is threefold. Firstly, “good;” secondly, “acceptable;” thirdly, “perfect.” This is to be understood in many ways, but chiefly in three.
(i) In a moral sense, the will of God was (a) “good” in creating; (b) “acceptable” in recreating; (c) “perfect” in glorifying. “Good” in giving the gifts of nature; “acceptable” in giving the gifts of grace; “perfect” in the bestowal of glory. Concerning the first (good in creating/giving gifts of nature), Rev 4 11 states: “Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honor and power; for Thou hast created all things, and for Thy pleasrue they are and were created.” For they were in idea in the Divine mind, and they were created to have an existence of their own. Concerning the second (acceptable in recreating and giving the gifts of grace), Psalm 30:7 says: Lord, by Thy favor [tua voluntate, Vulg.] Thou hast made my mountain to stand strong;” since, in recreating, the Lord renewed the Divine beauty in us, and strengthened it by the favor of the Holy Ghost. Concerning the third (bestowing glory), St John 17:24 says: “Father, I will that they also whom Thou hast given Me be with Me where I am; that they may behold My glory.” And Psalm 73:24: “Thou shalt guide me with Thy counsel, and afterward receive me to glory.”
(ii) In another sense, the will of God is “good” in us by cleansing us from all impurity; “acceptable” through the showing forth of pity; “perfect” from the fervor of charity. Concerning the first (good cleansing from impurity), 1 Thess 4: 3 states: “This is the will of God, even you sanctification,” i.e., cleansing. Concerning the second (acceptable showing pity), st Matt has this: “I will have mercy, and not sacrifice.” Concerning the third (perfect from the fervor of charity) we have this in Lk 12:49: “I am come to send fire on the earth, and what will I if it be already kindled?” By fire charity is understood.
(iii) In the third sense, the “will of God” can be viewed as “good” in those who are married; “acceptable” in the continent; “perfect” in prelates who are preserved for perfection. In the married, as exciting them to works of mercy; in the continent, to do good to others like them; in prelates, to lay down their lives for the brethren. Concerning the first (good in the married) can be understood Ps 113:10: “Teach me to do Thy will.” Concerning the second (acceptable in the continent), 1 Thess 4:4: “That everyone should know how to possess his vessel in sanctification and honor, not in lust of concupiscence.” Concerning the third (perfect in prelates), Ps 103:21 has this: “Ministers of His that do His pleasure.” The reward of His will is eternal life-Ps 30:5: “In His favor [voluntas, Vulg] is life.”